Electric heater



.Patented Febfzo, 1923.4

UNITED STATES ANTHONY PAPINI, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TOELECTRICAL"` PATENT oFFlcE-. l

DEVELOPMENT AND MACHINECOMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA,-IEIIINNSYLVAII'IA,'A

CORPORATION 0F IDIELAIARIE.y

ELECTRIC HEATER.'

Application led October 15, 1919. Serial No. 330,820.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it -known that I ,ANTHONY PAPINI, a subject of the King of Italy, anda resident of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadel-v lphia and Stateof Pennsylvania, have inthe efficiency of the heater.

It is a purpose of4 my invention to provide a heater of maximumeiiiciency by dispensing with the use of a parabolic reflector andemploying a reflector Vwhich is so arranged as to completely project allof' the heat waves fromV a heating element at a. predetermined anglewith relation to the axis ofthe reflector. Y

It is also a purpose of my invention to prevent th@J escape of heatwaves from theJ rearlside of va reflector by providing the same with avacuum chamber, thus retaining within the reflector that heat which isgenerally lost and thereby maintaining the re- Hector at a very hightemperature' whereby all elementary beams of thermoelight will beprojected from the front of the reflector.

It is a further purpose of my invention to provide a plurallty ofcircuit' brakers for disrupting the circuit of the heating element at aplurality of points, such controllers being operated automatically whenthe heater occupies an. abnormal position.

I will describe one' form of heater and three forms of circuitcontrollers, each embodying my invention, and will then lpoint out thenovel features thereof in claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a view showing in vertical section one form of heaterembodying my invention;

Figure 2 isa sectional view taken line 2 2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a transverse sectional View taken on, the line 3 3 ofFigurev 1 Figure f4 ris a detail sectional view of a partof one -of thecircuit controllers shown in Figure l1. l

Similar reference characters refer to similarparts in 'each of theseveral views. I

f Referring specifically to the drawings and particularly to Figure 41,B designates a base lupon which is formed a 'pedestal P.

and both of which are hollow land. formed of any suitable material.Pivoted to the upper end of the pedestal P as at 15, is a U-shapedbracket 16 which is designed to adjustably lsupport the main-body of theheater so as to project the heat waves in any desired direction, itbeing understood that any suitable on the f means maybe provided forclamping the bracket inany adjusted position. As shown in Figures 1 and2, an annular frame F' is rigidly supported upon the medial portion ofthe bracket 16 by a bolt 17. 4Interposed between the frame andthebracket 16 is a block of insulating material 19 inA which is secured oneend of a' conducting bridge The bridge -A comprises parallel strips ofmetal 22 and 23, one of their endsp'being flattened and secured withinthe block 19,

while their opposite endsare secured to a' block 19a of insulatingmaterial fixed to the frame F at a point diametricallyopposite the block19. Arranged medially off the bridge A is a cylindrical casing 24 formedof insulating material.

The outer end of the casing 24 is closed by a wall 24a, and j extendingthrough such wall is one end of a bolt 26 which is arranged within thecas! ing 24 with its' opposite end passing betwelenf the strips 22 and23 and secured to :the

bridge A by a plate 20. Surrounding the casingV 24 isa heating element Dwhich, in thev present instance, comprises .a coil of resistance wire 25having the opposite end thereof connected to the portions 22 and 23,respectively of the bridge A.

The casing 24 beingdisposed medially of the bridge A is consequentlyaxially of the frame F. Secured t0 the frame F is a` frusto-conicalreflector R formed of any suitable material as polished copper, and, as

shown in Figure l, its axis coincides with the airis of the casing 24.rllhe inner face of -the reflector D is substantially at an angle of 45with respect to its axis so that the thermo-light waves emanating` fromthe heating element. are projected onto the surface olf the reflector atsuch Aan angle that they'will be deflected on lines parallel to thereflectors'axis. For example, the elementary beams indicated by thelines 1, 2, and 3 in Figure l, are projected onto,the surface of thereflector R in a. direction perpendicular to the axis of the heatingclement .D and from the reliectors surface they are reflected forward inwaves which are paral.A

lel to each other and to the axis of the ref ilector.

Should it be des-ired to project the thermolight waves invsuch manner asto effect a. concentration of the same, reflecting surface ofthereflector will be arranged at an angle of less than 45O with relationto its axis,

@n the other hand should adiffusion of the stitutes the front wall `of avacuum chamberl reflecting surface.

vspherical cup S.

waves be desired a reflecting surface of the reflector is made to occupyan angle greater than 45 with relation to the axis of the reflector, butpreferably not greater than 550.

` .4s shown in Figure l, thereflector 'R con- K,.the rea-r wall beingformed by a' semi- A vacuum is obtained within the chamber K bywithdrawing the air through a nozzle 30 and then closing such nozzle bymeans of a valve 31. Vllith thc chamber K under vacuum it will beobvious that the radiation of heat to the rear of the reflector R isprevented so that all of the heat waves emanating from the heatingelement D are projected to the front of the reflector. This of coursematerially increases the normal temperature of the reflector so that theelementary thermo-light beams are more readily projected.

The reflector R and cup S are removably associated with the frame F soas' to permitready cleaning or upolishing of the formers To this end the'iframe F is provided at suitable points with spring clips 27 which aresecured to the rear side olf the frame by bolts 29. These clips 2Tengage a flange s formed on the cup S land thus securely reta-in thereflector and cup in proper position upon the frame.

The frame F having connection with and supported by the bracket 16 uponthe pedestal P may be regarded as a. mount for the bridge A and theheating, element carried thereby, the reliector R and the cup S. l

' To maintain the heating element D at a safe distanceat all timesfrominfiammable objectslprovide aguard G which is suitably secured tothe frame F and comprises a `single length of wire bent in the form ofa.

helix and supported in semi-spherical posience also supported by theframe F, and are preferably connected at the points of intersection withthe convolutions of the guard tif by welding or suitable forms ofmetallic clips (not shown). p

As shown in Figure l, current is supplied to theresistance coil 24 ofthe heating element l) by conductors C and C' which are connected to asuitable source of current (not shown), at one of their ends, whiletheir opposite ends are'connected to the portions 22 and 23 respectivelyof the bridge A. To control the supply ofcurrent tothe coil 24 to effecta disrupting thereof when the heater is overturned, l provide circuitcontrollers T, T and Tt A s shown in Figure l the circuit controllerTcomprisesj a pendulum 33 arranged within the pedestal P and pivotally'connected at its upper end, as at 34. The lower or weighted end of thependulum 33 is provided with 'a pocket 35 which slidably re'- ceives aplunger 36. 'The plunger 36 is provided with a groove 346a in whichworks a pin 37 mounted within the pendulum and arranged to allow limitedlongitudinal movement of the pinv but to prevent circumferentialmovement thereof. The plunger 36 normally occupies the position shown inFigure l by virtue of a spring`38, the lower end of the plunger beingprovided with a pair of 95 rigidly connectedcontact lingers 39 which arepivotally connected to the plunger, as at 40. The detail construction ofthis connection is clearly shown in Figure 4. Arranged `within thepedestal l) is a plate 41 formed of 100 insulating material, suoli platebeing supported in horizontal position by means of a screw .42. Arrangedupon the upper surface of the plate 4l is a -block 43 formed ofinsulating material and having its upper surface 105 concaved as at 43a.The body of the block 43 is formed with suitable openings to receivecontact points 44 and 45 which are connected to screws 46 which extendthrough the plate 4l and serve to secure the block 43 in proper 110position. The contacts 44 and 45 constitute the terminals of twosectional wires 47 and 48, which latter constitute the conductor C. Asshown in Figure l, the contact fingers 39 are adapted to movehorizontally over the 115 concave surface 43il of the block 43 and inthe normal position of the pendulum 33, the fingers 39 bridge thecontact points 44 and 45 'thus completing one side of the circuit ortheheatingelement-D. This circuit con-r 120.

troller T completes one side ofthe circuit for the element D so long asthe pedestal P occupies a vertical position. However, as soon as thepedestal P occupies any other position other than a truly vertical one`the pendulum |25'v virtue of this operation, should the heater beaccidentally' knocked overso as to cause the pedestal P to occupy aninclined -posi-k tion, the circuit controller T will automaticallydisrupt tlie circuit and thus discontinue the'supply of current to vtheheating element.

, As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the circuit controller T comprises aconcaved .disc 49 secured in horizontal position within the base B by ascrew 50. This disc '49 is formed i As shown in Figure -1. the sections51 and 52 support a contact bridging member 56, which in the presentinstance comprises a ball formed of conducting material. It will sufficeto say for the present that-.in the normal-position of the pedestal 'Pthe ball 56 bridges the contacts 51 and 52, but should the pedestaloccupy any position other than the vertical position,l the 'ball willroll so as to disconnect the sections 51 and 52 thus opening the circuitcontroller. y

The circuit controller T2. comprises -a spring contact arm 57 which islconnected to .the marginal edge of the disc 49 by a screw 58, and tothis .same screw is connected 'a sectional conductor 59- whichconstitutes the.

through the opening 61 thus causing the contact farm 57 to moveyintoengagement with the-member 53 and completing the following circuit:conductor 59. screw 58, contact arm l57 ,member 53. terminal contact 51,ball 56,

terminal contact 53, screw 5,4, arid conductor 55 to the source of.current. This circuit is completed so long as the' pedestal is vrestingu on a flat surface andv in a vertical position.

owever, as soon as the pedestal is lifted or overturned the block 60 'isallowed to move outwardly through-the opening 61 under the` biasingaction of the spring arm 57, as shown' position of thearm 57, it-s freeend moves out of engagement with the member thereby disrupting thecircuit just described.

It will be understood that the ball 56 controls the same side of thecircuit vas the circuit controller T2 and therefore a detaildescriptionof this circuit is thought to be unnecessary. y y I Ffrointhe 'foregoing description of the circuit controllers, it Willbe evidentthat should the pedestal P be overturned or caused to occupyianyposition other Ithan the vertical position, thev circuit'through theheating element D will be disrupted in three separate. and. distinctpoints. thus insuringdiscontinuance of' the supply of currentto theheating element, and thereby preventing any possibilityof fire shouldthe heater be accidentally overturned.

Although T. have herein shown and described only one foi-m ofthe heaterand three formsof circuit controllers, it is to be un-v derstood thatvarious changes and modifications may be made herein without departingfrom the spirit of the invention and the spirit and scope of theappended claims.

Having described my invention, what. I claim is: l

1. An electric heater comprising a conical lreflector, a vacuum chambervin the rear of the reflector, and a heating element in the front of thereflector and disposedaxially of thela'tter. 2., A reflector forelectric heaters comprising a conical member, and a spherical inemberdisposed in the rear of and in spaced relation to the conical vacuumchamber.

3.A A reflector for electric heaters comprising walls hermeticallyconnected at their member to provide a edges and spaced apartintermedia-te their edges to provide a Vchamber from which the air isadapted to be withdrawn. y

4. An electric heater comprising, a reflector, a heating element at oneside of the reflector, and a vacuum chamber at the other side of thereflector. y

- 5. An electric heater comprising, 'a conical reflector, a` bridgespanning the reflector, and

a heating element supported axially within the, reflector by saidbridge.

6. An electric heater comprising, a conical reflector, a bridgespanningthe Iopen end of the reflector, a heating coil supported withinthe reflector by said bridge so that the axes of the "reflector and-coil coincide, and afcircuit including both coil and bridge.- v

V7. An electric heater comprising, a pedestal,'a frame pivotally mountedon the pedestal, a reflector .secured to the frame', a bridge on thefra-me, and a heating element supported within the reflector- 8.An'electric heater comprising, rha ped.

. 6.5l in dash lines in Figure 1. lIn the expanded estal, a framepivotally mounted on the pedon the bridge and disposed axially l estal,a reflector secured to the frame', a guard, supported on the frame, aconducting bridge on the frame and spanning one end heating elementsupported on the bridge and disposed Within extending axially intotherelector.

10. An electric heater comprising, a pedestal, a frame, a bracketsecured to the Vframe and pivotally supported on' the pedestal, meansfor lockingthebracket in adjusted position upon the pedestal, areflector detachably secured tothe frame, a conducting bridge carriedbythe fra-ine, and aheating element supported on the bridgeand'fextending into the reflector.

11. An electric heater comprising, a truste-conical reflector, thevinner face of which is disposed at an 'angle not less than o and notmore than 550 with respect to the axis of the reflector, and a heating.element disposed axially Within the reflector.

12. An velectric heater comprising, a rellector, av bridge spanning thereflector, a heatingelement supported by the bridge and the reflector,and a guard comprising la single length of Wire bent in the form of aheliX.

13. An electric.v heater, comprising a frusto-conical rellector,the`inner face of the reflector being disposed at an anglebf 15 degrees withrespect to its axis, and a heating element disposed axially of thereflector.

maat/oe 14C. An electricV heater comprising a 're- Hector, a bridgespanning the reflectorya/ extending rearwardly Within the reflector andjo-axially thereof.

' 16.111 an electric heater, a reflector, a heating element therefor, abridge support "for the heating element extending transversely ofthereflector, and a mount for the reflector and bridge, the said mount-bei'ng common to the said reflector and bridge and supporting themindependently,A of eachv other.

17. In an electric heater, a reflector havinga forwardly facing'concavedsurface in combination with a heating element,` and means in front ofsaid reflector for supporting the said element in front andindependently of said reflector.

18. In an electric heater, a reflector, supporting means therefor, aheating element supported in front of the reflector, and conductorsfeeding the said heating element from the front endof the said element.

19. In an electric heater, a reflector, means for sup-porting thereflector,ra heating element mounted in front, of the reflector, and

electrical connections for said heating element extending from the side,crossing to the heating element in front of the reflector, 'andconnected to the heating element.

' ANTHONY PAPINI.

